How the gut keeps time
Exciting new research published in Science Immunology has identified a unique type of immune cell located in the gut called type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3).
These cells modulate the immune system and sustain equilibrium inside the gut. They are responsible for maintaining intestinal function, providing mucosal defense against pathogens, fortifying the gut barrier, and keeping track of time! Yes, ILC3 cells actively express “clock genes” which are decisive circadian rhythmic genes.
Circadian rhythm (CR) is driven by a molecular clock that influences every single cell in the body and directly affects gut immune function. A healthy gastrointestinal tract that follows daily rhythms is a prime example of this as ILC3 cells, too are attuned to CR and play an essential role in that process.
Findings from this study showed a correlation between circadian rhythm disturbances and gastrointestinal complications. When researchers genetically modified key clock protein genes in the experimental mice group, they did not produce the intestinal immune cells (ILC3) and subsequently failed to fight off an intestinal bacterial infection, compared to healthy controls.
Moreover, the ILC3 cells in the genetically modified mice produced less beneficial T helper cells and more pro-inflammatory immune molecules.
Modern day stressors such as erratic sleep patterns, shift work and jet lag all directly affect the function of the immune system within the intestines, which may explain the prevalence of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases within the gut.
Further evidence for taking a specifically prescribed probiotic daily.