I have recently seen quite a few cases of acute B12 deficiency in the clinic. Let’s have a look at the causes and treatment of this potentially very serious condition. (Long-term deficiency will ultimately result in brain and spinal cord degeneration.) In its most pronounced form, vitamin B12 deficiency presents as pernicious anaemia, an autoimmune disease affecting the parietal cells of the stomach. However sub-clinical B12 deficiency without anaemia is commonplace.
Numbness and paresthesia of the extremities are often the earliest symptoms. There may also be a diminished perception of movement and spatial orientation. Irritability, fatigue, breathlessness on exertion, ringing in the ears and loss of libido are also commonly experienced. Other symptoms include loss of the sense of taste and smell, plus fatigue, memory loss, personality changes, depression and even dementia. Gastrointestinal symptoms also often present, such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn, flatulence and a sense of fullness. Loss of appetite is common and the patient often has a beefy red tongue, and may also experience burning or soreness of the tongue.
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